Abstract: The low temperature techniques were used to differentiate five most commonly consumed cowpea seed varieties in Nigeria. The varieties were analyzed for the protein and mineral components using Biomate5 Spectrophotometer by Thermo Electron Corporation employing Pierce Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) Protein Assay Kit as the standard and the working reagent using the test tube procedure at standard protocol for the soluble protein content and by direct UV method using phosphate buffer, and mineral components was analyzed with 1.7MV Tandem Accelerator. Local names for the varieties were oloyin nla, oloyin wewe, mala, drum and sokoto. The total protein content (mg/ml) for the varieties; oloyin nla, oloyin wewe, mala, drum and sokoto were 0.218±0.033, 0.124±0.059, 0.334±0.063, 0.175±0.057 and 0.688±0.082 respectively while soluble protein content (mg/ml) were -0.014±0.017, 0.003±0.026, 0.132±0.026, 0.034±0.039 and 0.102±0.029. The accelerator detected six major elements (Mg, K, Ca, P, S and Cl) and several trace elements (Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mn, Sr, Si, Rb and Ti). All the varieties have high value of S, P and K except mala which has high Si content.